Mann Paryo

Nepal Airlines is the national flag carrier of Nepal, established in 1958 and headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal. 
External Environment Analysis - PESTLE Analysis Political:
The airlines' industry is widely obstructed by regulations and restrictions so the government-owned Nepal Airlines has been suffering due to poor management, high political interference, and corruption.   

Economic:
According to the forecast of economic models, the Nepal GDP per capita (PPP) is projected to trend around 2690.00 USD in 2020 and also the economic condition of the Nepalese citizens is improving. This signifies that the air travelers are increasing significantly and the aviation industry will ultimately keep on growing. 

Social:
The Nepalese youths are migrating to India/Malaysia and mostly gulf countries to earn money due to the unemployment condition in Nepal. Also, many Nepalese students are going abroad for higher studies to gain quality education from foreign institutions. Also, Nepal being a t…

There is both positive and negative impact of Multinational Companies (MNCs) over the employability. According to the Educalingo website, employability refers to a person's capability for gaining and maintaining employment and also to engage or make use of the services of an individual in return for money. The Employment Creation is one of the major benefits for the people in the host country where the MNCs are operated.

Employment creation is considered as the most important factor that inward FDI has expected to contribute to the host country. The employment opportunities are provided by Multinational Companies (MNCs) directly or indirectly. According to the various pieces of literature available on the internet, a significant base of buyers for those goods and services are needed for demand to grow. As they have insufficient money for the job creation fails if the principal consumers refuse to buy and also if they feel economic pressure, they borrow less. In developing countri…

The small and poor countries join WTO in order to expand business and achieve benefits like Raising living standard, Income opportunity, Employment opportunity, Increase production, Environment production, etc.

However joining WTO, the small and poor countries seems not so happy with the business beyond the border. There are certain reasons like:
1. Political reasons Some of the countries are not able to obtain opportunities due to weak political structure and political instability.
2. Infrastructure Even if there is trade opportunity in joining WTO, the lack of the infrastructure (like a roadway, technology, seaports) always lags small and poor countries behind.
3. Weak negotiation Due to the dominance of big nations in the WTO, small and poor countries always feel weak in terms of making negotiations. The proposals of small and poor countries are not considered in limelight.
4. Domestic producers The domestic players of poor countries are not so capable enough to compete at interna…

The multilateral trade system is the trade happening between two or more nations. There is membership of several nations from developing, developed, emerging nations. The multilateral trade is basically for the benefit of trade to all nations. The multilateral trade happens in the organization like WTO, BIMSTEC, SAFTA, NAFTA, EU, etc. The trading system has several principles of Most favored nation treatment, national treatment, special and differential treatment. These principles are made in order to function in a similar manner and provide the benefit of multilateral trade to all.

Most favored nation treatment is one of the principles which comes with the concept of equal treatment to all nations. There are big nations as well as small nations but multilateral trade allows both big and small nation with equal treatment making clear there is no difference to trade between nations.

Nation treatment is another principle of multilateral trade where there is a non-discrimination policy …

Trade policies are the goals, regulations, and standards set by any nation driven by political and economic reasons. There are several instruments to regulate the trade activities, Tariff and subsidy are such instruments which are used by any government in order to protect producers from the competition of similar foreign producers.

A tariff is a duty or charge imposed to import and export certain goods and services from a foreign country. The tariff to the goods can be imposed in order to encourage domestic producers for economic activity. It can be based on a specific fixed rated system.

The goods which are to be preserved to the domestic market are imposed a high tariff for exporting whereas to restrict and discourage more import to support local industries from the severe competition there is high tariff in the import of goods. It is an instrument used by the government which helps to boom the domestic market from giant competitors of similar goods from other nation.

The subsidy …

Trade theories are developed according to the pace of time with improvements in each and every sector. It helps to formulate investment, trade policy. Trade theory helps to allocate the resources in an effective manner. Comparative cost advantage theory and competitive advantage theories are two development of theory to occur trade between countries. The findings of both of the theories differ in their own term.

The comparative cost advantage theory is developed after the absolute cost advantage theory. Absolute cost advantage theory assumed to trade if the country can produce at a lower cost with the presence of abundant resources. However, comparative cost advantage theory has the benefit of abundance resource it should trade to those resources which it can produce relatively at the lower cost.

In another way, the competitive advantage was developed by Porter. It majorly focuses on innovation and upgrades to make the trade and gain competitive advantage. He has developed four reaso…

The globalization provides opportunities to international business operators are as follows:
Political Liberalization  The political ideology of any nation removes the barrier to conduct trade activities. There is a friendly environment for the investors to conduct the business which is the major reason for the opportunity for globalization.
Technology The technology is innovated and novelties found every day. It is creating the opportunity to globalize as the innovation has made able to operate the business in any corner of the world.
Cost  The opportunity of globalization is the cost factor. In order to gain economies of scale i.e. efficiency in labor, the businesses are operating all around the world.
Market  Due to the need for expansion of the market to operate in a competitive manner is another opportunity to globalize the business.
Competition  The competitive intensity is raising due to which business investors are more influenced to operate globally to grab the opportunity.

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